First set of ingredients: 1 tbsp each of uncooked white rice, cumin seed and coriander seed. 3/4 tsp each of black mustard seed, black peppercorn and fenugreek seed. 1/4 tsp of whole clove.

Toast each whole spice, one at a time on medium heat until fragrant or slightly browned.

Transfer each to a grinder or plate to cool.

Grind the toasted spices to a powder.

Second set of ingredients: 1 tbsp each of turmeric, ginger and cinnamon powder.

Add to the ground, toasted spices. Mix well. Store in a dark, cool place until ready to use.